ReCo
The Karl Polanyi Research Network


9th Int. Conference Abstracts
"Co-Existence"
Selected Abstracts


Abstracts
Alphabetical List
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


T

Toshikazu Tateiwa
“Changes of Agriculture, Rural Community and the Welfare Work of Rural Area in Japan, and Lessons for Asian Countries”

Agriculture and Rural Communities in Japan were changed dramatically in late 20th century. Number of farm, farmer, and professional farmer were decreased sharply. And the acreage of farm land decreased 1 million hectors in same period. The usage rates of farm land, and the rate of agricultural production in Japanese GDP were also diminished. This trend of reduction in Japanese agriculture is now in progress. And because of high price of farmland, the scale of farm management can not increase.
In these conditions, the price of agricultural products downed, and the rate of self-sufficiency of food in Japan was decreasing accompanied with increase of food import. The rate of food grain self-sufficiency was only 29 % and calorie based self-sufficiency was 40 % at 2002. Nevertheless, the income of farmers was not decreased because of industrialization in rural area and many farmers became part-time farmer. And also, Japanese food consumption became affluent by the import of food.
Accompany with these diminishing of agriculture, the aging and
the depopulation in rural areas in Japan become worse. In the rural area, recently, welfare works for aged peoples are bore by the agricultural co-ops. These activities are based on the human relationship in rural community.

Claus Thomasberger
“Market economy, Self-regulation and Human Freedom”

Polanyi often has been criticised – and not from Marxist authors
only – that he, accepting the idea that the civilisation of the
nineteenth century was characterised by the self-regulating market system, agreed upon the scientific accuracy of liberal economic
theory – at least for that period of history. Focusing on Polanyi’s writings between 1920 and 1940, his articles about the socialist accounting (Sozialistische Rechnungslegung), lecture-notes about functional democracy (including F. Schafer’s doctoral dissertation), and manuscripts concerning guild-socialist economy, the paper shows that – and why – Polanyis ideas about the possibilities and the limits of economic sciences are in contrast not only to the views of economic liberalism but also to the approach which after the second world war has become known as Keynesian theory. In addition, it discusses how Polanyis ideas about economics are ultimately related with ethical considerations, especially the problem of ‘freedom in a complex society’.

Judith Trudeau
“La coexistence”

Avec la dualité des mondes au niveau international : le monde formel axé principalement sur les États ; les sommets ; les accords les traités, et le monde informel axé sur tout ce qui est autre : les entreprises transnationales ; les flux monétaires et démographiques transnationaux ; la décentralisation du pouvoir et la multiplicité des lieux de gouvernance (Badie et Smouth, 1999), certains auteurs se posent la question : « Y a-t-il de la place pour penser le bien commun? » Pour Huntington (1997), la division ne se trace pas en fonction d’une dualité structurelle (formelle/informelle) mais en fonction des lignes de partage entre les différentes civilisations qu’il dénombre autour de 7-8. Ainsi, dans cette approche, c’est la culture qui devient un obstacle à un projet commun (bien que cet auteur prenne pour acquis une moralité universelle). Pour les réalistes hobbsiens, le cadre d’analyse ne permet pas non plus une pensée plus holiste puisque chaque acteur, des États dans ce cas-ci, agit toujours en fonction de ses propres intérêts. Où est donc la place pour penser une coexistence structurelle, culturelle et territoriale entre les individus dans le champ de la pensée politique internationale? Hedley Bull semble avoir très bien saisi cette faille dans son ouvrage : The Anarchical Society : a Study in World Politics. L’auteur de cet ouvrage fait la distinction entre la description d’un ordre international et celle d’un projet de justice, et constate que l’ordre actuel ne permet pas un projet de justice viable. Ma question est toute simple : comment penser la justice internationale si les penseurs axent leur théorie sur les fractures, sur ce qui divise les humains plus que sur ce qui les unit?
Le vivre-ensemble est un état de fait. Il reste à savoir ce qu’on veut en faire. Le monde formel nous offre des cadres pour gérer le vivre-ensemble : le tribunal pénal international, l’ONU, le cadre des droits humains… Il s’agit d’évaluer si cette structure formelle peut assurer une certaine justice. Parce que parler de justice implique nécessairement de faire appel à des valeurs, à des conceptions du monde, à des a priori. Ainsi, si le vivre-ensemble est un état de fait, la justice n’appartient pas à cette catégorie sémantique et fait plutôt partie de ce que Weber appelle le jugement de valeurs. Le cadre formel doit donc être souple pour permettre la discussion de ce qui est juste, pour permettre une intersubjectivité (Cox, 1996).
Si nous prenons l’organisation onusienne, pouvons-nous dire, même avec toute la légitimité morale qu’elle détient, qu’elle permet l’émergence d’une justice représentative? Dans quelles optiques les missions de paix sont-elles déployées?
Qui intervient? Dans quel but? Quels sont les facteurs de réussite? Et ceux d’échec? Est-ce pour défendre des valeurs collectives (cela est-il possible?) ou est-ce pour servir une logique d’intérêts pure et simple qui institutionnalise la logique des puissants? (Cox 1992).
Comment des penseurs comme Aristote, Machiavel (celui des Discours et non pas celui du Prince), Arendt et Taylor peuvent-ils nous aider à penser le vivre-ensemble de façon différente? Comment penser la coexistence internationale sans tomber ni dans la fracture immobilisante, ni dans la naïveté d’extraire l’intérêt qui semble inhérent à toute intervention, quelle qu’elle soit?


Gabriela Tunes da Silva and Roberto Bartholo
“Three Roads to Serfdom”

Karl Polanyi has shown us that the Industrial Revolution inverted the way in which our society is organized: the market, which at first had been embedded in and regulated by society, has now become the regulator itself. As the role of the market in society shifted, people were subordinated to a cold and impersonal logic. They were now “dispensable atoms”, parts of a great machine to which they were all condemned to serve. The technical and technological benefits generated by the Industrial Revolution were, therefore, not any greater than the harm it inflicted. There can be no justification for the poverty, humiliation, misery and despair inflicted upon several generations, all in the name of technical progress. However, the catastrophe that accompanied the Industrial Revolution is not taken into account by a great number of thinkers in their economic and social analyses. In “The Road to Serfdom”, F. A. Hayek argues that the economic planning defended in some socialist doctrines leads to the same kind of serfdom present in totalitarian states (nazism and fascism). Based on this he concludes that the best, and only way to guarantee freedom is to implement economic liberalism. Hayek identifies some of the characteristics found in totalitarian systems, pointing out that socialist states with planned economies have those very same characteristics. This paper intends to show that the characteristics described by Hayek as typical of the totalitarian systems are very present and alive in the modern day United States. Hence, both economic liberalism and free market lead to the same serfdom found in totalitarian systems. Polanyi has shown us that serfdom is not a result of power centralization or economic planning, but of the very act of submitting people’s day-to-day life to impersonal systems and mechanisms, no matter if they are called State or Market. We can thus conclude that there are several possible roads to serfdom, three of which the human race has already trailed: the totalitarian, the socialist and the liberalist.




Public Lecture

Bruce Campbell on From Despair to Hope? How the Economic Crisis in the US will Affect Canada: Priorities for Canada-US Relations in the Obama Era. February 5th.


Lecture Series

Professor Jean-Louis Laville, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (CNAM, Paris) and
Laboratoire interdisciplinaire pour la sociologie économique on Avec Karl Polanyi vers une Theorie d’économie plurielle. Thursday, November 29, 2007.


Institute News
The Revue du MAUSS has published a volume on “Avec Karl Polanyi, Contre la société du tout-marchand.
One day conference on “Revister Polanyi”, Paris, France, June 2007.

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Media

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) Radio program Ideas has produced a five hour radio documentary series on Markets and Society: the Life and Thought of Karl Polanyi. For more information on how obtain the series please visit: inside the cbc.com


Selected Papers from Conference:
“Access of Women to the Economy at the Time of the Integration of the Americas: What Kind of Economy?”.
Concordia University / Université du Québec à Montréal
23-26 April, 2003
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